鸿蒙网络请求与数据加载

📅 2025-05-11 · ⏱ 15 分钟 · 网络

网络请求是现代应用的核心能力。本文介绍如何在 HarmonyOS 中使用 @ohos.net.http 进行 HTTP 请求。

一、GET 请求

import { http } from "@kit.NetworkKit"

async function fetchUserList() {
  const httpRequest = http.createHttp()
  try {
    const response = await httpRequest.request(
      "https://api.example.com/users",
      {
        method: http.RequestMethod.GET,
        header: {
          "Content-Type": "application/json",
          "Authorization": "Bearer your_token"
        },
        connectTimeout: 10000,
        readTimeout: 10000
      }
    )

    if (response.responseCode === 200) {
      const data = JSON.parse(response.result as string)
      console.log("用户列表：" + JSON.stringify(data))
      return data
    } else {
      console.error("请求失败：" + response.responseCode)
    }
  } catch (err) {
    console.error("网络错误：" + JSON.stringify(err))
  } finally {
    httpRequest.destroy()
  }
}

二、POST 请求

async function createUser(name: string, email: string) {
  const httpRequest = http.createHttp()
  try {
    const response = await httpRequest.request(
      "https://api.example.com/users",
      {
        method: http.RequestMethod.POST,
        header: {
          "Content-Type": "application/json"
        },
        extraData: JSON.stringify({
          name: name,
          email: email
        })
      }
    )

    const result = JSON.parse(response.result as string)
    return result
  } catch (err) {
    console.error("创建用户失败：" + JSON.stringify(err))
  } finally {
    httpRequest.destroy()
  }
}

三、封装请求工具类

实际开发中建议封装一个统一的请求工具：

import { http } from "@kit.NetworkKit"

const BASE_URL = "https://api.example.com"

interface RequestConfig {
  url: string
  method?: http.RequestMethod
  data?: object
  header?: object
}

async function request(config: RequestConfig): Promise {
  const httpRequest = http.createHttp()
  try {
    const response = await httpRequest.request(
      BASE_URL + config.url,
      {
        method: config.method || http.RequestMethod.GET,
        header: {
          "Content-Type": "application/json",
          ...config.header
        },
        extraData: config.data ? JSON.stringify(config.data) : undefined,
        connectTimeout: 15000,
        readTimeout: 15000
      }
    )

    if (response.responseCode >= 200 && response.responseCode < 300) {
      return JSON.parse(response.result as string) as T
    }
    throw new Error("HTTP " + response.responseCode)
  } finally {
    httpRequest.destroy()
  }
}

// 使用示例
interface User { id: number; name: string }

let users = await request({ url: "/users" })
let newUser = await request({
  url: "/users",
  method: http.RequestMethod.POST,
  data: { name: "张三", email: "zhangsan@example.com" }
})

四、权限配置

网络请求需要在 module.json5 中声明权限：

{
  "module": {
    "requestPermissions": [
      {
        "name": "ohos.permission.INTERNET"
      }
    ]
  }
}
💡 ohos.permission.INTERNET 属于 system_grant 权限，不需要运行时申请。

五、最佳实践